Five codes - Revision history

Nicolas Szilas: /* Relation with Interactive Storytelling */

2012-01-10T09:48:55Z

Relation with Interactive Storytelling

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:48, 10 January 2012
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	===Relation with Interactive Storytelling===		===Relation with Interactive Storytelling===
	Current Interactive Storytelling applications have mostly used the action code. Within the [[Mimesis]] project, various aspects related to the way knowledge is provided to the user (foreshadowing for example) clearly relates to the hermeneutic code.		Current Interactive Storytelling applications have mostly used the action code. Some system however explore other codes:
			* Within the [[Mimesis]] project, various aspects related to the way knowledge is provided to the user (foreshadowing for example) clearly relates to the hermeneutic code.
	~~Other codes~~, ~~while naturally part~~ of ~~the told~~ stories~~, are not systematized and used~~ by the ~~underlying algorithms~~.		* The Theme Illustrator system (Hargood, et al., 2011) aims at enhancing the quality of stories by adding illustrations related the connotative meaning (semantic code).

	===Systems/Tools using this theory===		===Systems/Tools using this theory===

Nicolas Szilas: /* References */

2012-01-10T09:43:09Z

References

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	* Barthes, R (1970). S/Z. Paris: Seuil.		* Barthes, R (1970). S/Z. Paris: Seuil.
	* Barthes, R (1974). S/Z. Trans. Richard Miller. New York: Noonday P.		* Barthes, R (1974). S/Z. Trans. Richard Miller. New York: Noonday P.
	* Hargood, C., Millard, D. and Weal, M. (2011) [[www.ht2011.org/demos_posters/ht2011_submission_145.pdf The Thematic Illustrator: An Automatic Illustrative Approach to Enhancing Narrative Cohesion]]. In: Hypertext 2011 Poster Session, Eindhoven.		* Hargood, C., Millard, D. and Weal, M. (2011) [http://www.ht2011.org/demos_posters/ht2011_submission_145.pdf The Thematic Illustrator: An Automatic Illustrative Approach to Enhancing Narrative Cohesion]]. In: Hypertext 2011 Poster Session, Eindhoven.

Nicolas Szilas: /* References */

2012-01-10T09:42:09Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:42, 10 January 2012
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	* Barthes, R (1970). S/Z. Paris: Seuil.		* Barthes, R (1970). S/Z. Paris: Seuil.
	* Barthes, R (1974). S/Z. Trans. Richard Miller. New York: Noonday P.		* Barthes, R (1974). S/Z. Trans. Richard Miller. New York: Noonday P.
	* Hargood, C., Millard, D. and Weal, M. (2011) [www.ht2011.org/demos_posters/ht2011_submission_145.pdf The Thematic Illustrator: An Automatic Illustrative Approach to Enhancing Narrative Cohesion]. In: Hypertext 2011 Poster Session, Eindhoven.		* Hargood, C., Millard, D. and Weal, M. (2011) [[www.ht2011.org/demos_posters/ht2011_submission_145.pdf The Thematic Illustrator: An Automatic Illustrative Approach to Enhancing Narrative Cohesion]]. In: Hypertext 2011 Poster Session, Eindhoven.

Nicolas Szilas: /* References */

2012-01-10T09:41:52Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:41, 10 January 2012
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	* Barthes, R (1970). S/Z. Paris: Seuil.		* Barthes, R (1970). S/Z. Paris: Seuil.
	* Barthes, R (1974). S/Z. Trans. Richard Miller. New York: Noonday P.		* Barthes, R (1974). S/Z. Trans. Richard Miller. New York: Noonday P.
			* Hargood, C., Millard, D. and Weal, M. (2011) [www.ht2011.org/demos_posters/ht2011_submission_145.pdf The Thematic Illustrator: An Automatic Illustrative Approach to Enhancing Narrative Cohesion]. In: Hypertext 2011 Poster Session, Eindhoven.

Monica Axelrad: Protected "Five codes" ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite)) [cascading]

2011-01-31T16:45:07Z

Protected "Five codes" ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite)) [cascading]

← Older revision	Revision as of 18:45, 31 January 2011
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IRISwiki: 1 revision

2011-01-10T18:12:36Z

1 revision

← Older revision	Revision as of 20:12, 10 January 2011
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Monica Axelrad: Protected "Five codes" ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite))

2009-12-07T17:07:48Z

Protected "Five codes" ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite))

New page

[[IRIS Wiki]] - [[Narrative Theories]] - '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
===Authors===
R. Barthes

===Histo-geographical placement===
This theory was proposed in the book S/Z, a comprehensive narrative analysis of the short novel by Balzac called "Sarrazine". Written in 1970, 4 years after his [[narrative units|introduction to narratology]], it favors a rich and subtle analysis over structure and formalisation of narrative components.

===Type of story===
Directly inspired by a literary text, this theory however does not seem to exclude other genres and media.

===Parent Theories===
[[Narrative units]] analysis, by the same author.

===Child Theories===
-

===Brief Description===
The approach adopted in this theory consists in analysing a text in all its complexity and richness, and considering that everything is meaningful.

This "step-by-step" analysis of one novel leads R. Barthes to five codes, that is, five general axes of meaning. Each sentence can be attached to one or more of these codes. The five codes are:
* HER: Hermeneutic Code - refers to enigmas, that is, to the way knowledge about story elements is progressively disclosed to the reader.
* ACT: Action or proairetic Code - refers to the behaviours that characters perform within the story.
* SEM: Semic Code - refers to the connotations of story elements, which thematic categories such as wealth, perversion, or femininity are evoked by the narrative.
* SYM: Symbolic Code - refers to large themes, along which many story elements are articulated. The symbols are subject of conflicting statements within the story.
* REF: Referential or cultural Code - is the reference to common knowledge from a given culture, outside the narrative itself. This is related to the concept of encyclopedic competency introduced in the [[theory of possible worlds]], as described by U. Eco.

===Relation with Interactive Storytelling===
Current Interactive Storytelling applications have mostly used the action code. Within the [[Mimesis]] project, various aspects related to the way knowledge is provided to the user (foreshadowing for example) clearly relates to the hermeneutic code.

Other codes, while naturally part of the told stories, are not systematized and used by the underlying algorithms.

===Systems/Tools using this theory===
-

===Links===
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S/Z S/Z] on Wikipedia.

===References===
* Barthes, R (1970). S/Z. Paris: Seuil.
* Barthes, R (1974). S/Z. Trans. Richard Miller. New York: Noonday P.